What does a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) provide protection against?

A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is designed to protect individuals from electrical hazards, specifically the risk of electrical shock that can occur when a fault in the electrical system allows current to inadvertently flow through an unintended path, such as through water or a person. The GFCI monitors the current flowing through the circuit; if it detects an imbalance between the outgoing and incoming current, indicating that some of the current is escaping, it quickly disconnects the power to prevent harm.

This device is critical in environments where moisture is present, such as kitchens and bathrooms, as it greatly reduces the risk of severe electrical shock or even electrocution. The other options, such as overloading circuits, low voltage, and high temperatures, are related to electrical safety and performance, but they do not pertain directly to the specific protection offered by a GFCI.